LYSOSOMES:DEFINATION FUNCTION AND LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISEASES

      LYSOSOMES: DEFINITION,               FUNCTION AND LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISEASES:

Lyso mean splitting and soma mean body. These are single membranous, spherical vesicles . They contain digestive or hydrolytic enzymes. The lysosomal enzymes are made by RER and then transported to golgi complex through SER. The golgi complex modifies modifies these enzymes and after modification transport them in the form of vesicles. These vesicles are called lysosome. The newly formed lysosome before start of their function is called Primary lysosome. Lysosome contain about 40 different digestive enzymes. The content of lysosomes are acidic in nature (4-4.5). . Lysosomes have ability to digest every macromolecule of the cell
FUNCTIONS:
There are many functions of lysosomes but we discusse only three of them her
1-INTACELLULAR DIGESTION
2-AUTOPHAGY
3-AUTOLYSIS
INTRACELLULAR DIGESTION:
Inter mean between cell and inta mean within cell . The ingested food is stored in vacules called Food vacules . Primary lysosome fused with food vacule the resulted structure known as Secondary lysosome within secondary lysosom food begins to digest . The digested food was absorbed by cytoplasm of cell and the remaining waste material cantaining vacule called contactile vacule which later on remove by cell by Exocytosis. This whole process was known as intercellular digestion
AUTOPHAGY:
It is the process in which unwanted structure are engulfed or digested within thelysosome. This is a self eating process in which lysosome start to digest cell's own organelles . Autophagy usually occur during starvation perioud or in daily routine in order to control nimber of specific organelle . For example when a man do a heavy muscular exercise the number of mitochondria in his muscel inreases because mitochondria is power house of cell whwn he leaves exercise the number of mitochondria controlled by autophagy
AUTOLYSIS:
Sometimes, especially during the development phase when the particular cell wants to disintegrated , a type of cell death cell is comitted called autolysis. This is a programmed cell death in which lysosome burst and it's content release into the cytopalasm. In this way cell is disintegrated ino fragments which are phagoctosed by other cell. Due to this function lysosomes are called SUICIDAL BAGS
LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISEASES:
Since, Lysosomes contain various digestive enzyme, if a particular digestive enzyme is missing in an individual , the digestion of that particular substance was effected and product began to accumulate in the cell and cause various problem. The problem caused by accumultion of various substances in the cell due to lack of lysosomal enzyme is called LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISEASE. These diseases are heridatary and congenital . Most of these diseases are fatal in early childhood. bout 20 such diseases have been discovered one of them is TAY SACH DISEASES in which lipid digesting enzyme was missing in an individual and brain become impaired by an accumultion of lipid in the cell